Samuel Goldman, MD, MPH

PROF OF CLIN-HCOMP

My work focuses on environmental risk factors for Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Among these are pesticides, solvents, smoking and traumatic brain injury, the microbiome, and the interaction of these factors with genetic susceptibility factors.

Education
05/1994 - Preventive Medicine, University of California-Berkeley
MPH, 05/1993 - Environmental Health Science, University of California-Berkeley
06/1988 - Internal Medicine, Mt. Zion Hospital
MD, 05/1987 - Medicine, University of Texas, Houston
BS, 08/1982 - Psychology, University of Michigan
Publications
  1. Goldman SM, Weaver FM, Gonzalez B, Stroupe KT, Cao L, Colletta K, Brown EG, Tanner CM. Parkinson's Disease Progression and Exposure to Contaminated Water at Camp Lejeune. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2024. PMID: 38988230


  2. Weaver FM, Cao L, Stroupe KT, Pratt A, Tanner CM, Goldman SM. Disability Claims for Female Veterans Exposed to Contaminated Water at Marine Base Camp Lejeune. Military medicine 2024. PMID: 38756093


  3. Dorsey ER, Kinel D, Pawlik ME, Zafar M, Lettenberger SE, Coffey M, Auinger P, Hylton KL, Shaw CW, Adams JL, Barbano R, Braun MK, Schwarz HB, Lawrence BP, Kieburtz K, Tanner CM, de Miranda BR, Goldman SM. Dry-Cleaning Chemicals and a Cluster of Parkinson's Disease and Cancer: A Retrospective Investigation. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2024. PMID: 38389433


  4. Brown EG, Goldman SM, Coffey CS, Siderowf A, Simuni T, Meng C, Brumm MC, Caspell-Garcia C, Marek K, Tanner CM, Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative. Occupational Pesticide Exposure in Parkinson's Disease Related to GBA and LRRK2 Variants. Journal of Parkinson's disease 2024. PMID: 38820021


  5. Karabayir I, Gunturkun F, Butler L, Goldman SM, Kamaleswaran R, Davis RL, Colletta K, Chinthala L, Jefferies JL, Bobay K, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, Masaki K, Tanner CM, Akbilgic O. Externally validated deep learning model to identify prodromal Parkinson's disease from electrocardiogram. Scientific Reports 2023. PMID: 37516770


  6. Goldman SM, Weaver FM, Stroupe KT, Cao L, Gonzalez B, Colletta K, Brown EG, Tanner CM. Risk of Parkinson Disease Among Service Members at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune. JAMA neurology 2023. PMID: 37184848


  7. Soman K, Nelson CA, Cerono G, Goldman SM, Baranzini SE, Brown EG. Early detection of Parkinson's disease through enriching the electronic health record using a biomedical knowledge graph. Frontiers in medicine 2023. PMID: 37250641


  8. Dorsey ER, Zafar M, Lettenberger SE, Pawlik ME, Kinel D, Frissen M, Schneider RB, Kieburtz K, Tanner CM, De Miranda BR, Goldman SM, Bloem BR. Trichloroethylene: An Invisible Cause of Parkinson's Disease? Journal of Parkinson's disease 2023. PMID: 36938742


  9. Meghan Pawlik, Maryam Zafar, Samantha Lettenberger, Madeleine Coffey, Aayush Sarkar, Caroline Tanner, Samuel Goldman, Briana De Miranda, Karl Kieburtz, Daniel Kinel, E. Ray Dorsey. Dry Cleaning & Parkinson’s Disease: Evaluation of a Potential Cluster (P11-11.001). Neurology 2022. PMID:


  10. Nijee Luthra, Ethan Brown, Samuel Goldman, Rafael Zuzuarregui, Trisha Hue, Christopher Schambach, Ian Bledsoe, Michael Schwarzschild, E. Ray Dorsey, Alberto Espay, Irene Litvan, Nikolaus McFarland, Kyle Mitchell, David Standaert, James Beck, Helen Rowbotham, Cheryl Meng, Jacque Perkins, Primi Ranola, Raymundo Picos, Dana Kriesel, Kenneth Lyles, Steve Cummings, Caroline Tanner. Enhancing Pandemic-Sensitive Recruitment Strategies for a Remote, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial for Fracture Prevention in Patients with Neurodegenerative Parkinsonisms (P1-1.Virtual). Neurology 2022. PMID:


  11. Karabayir I, Butler L, Goldman SM, Kamaleswaran R, Gunturkun F, Davis RL, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, Masaki K, Tanner CM, Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AV, Chinthala LK, Akbilgic O. Predicting Parkinson's Disease and Its Pathology via Simple Clinical Variables. 2021. PMID: 34602502


  12. De Miranda BR, Goldman SM, Miller GW, Greenamyre JT, Dorsey ER. Preventing Parkinson's Disease: An Environmental Agenda. 2021. PMID: 34719434


  13. Omberg L, Chaibub Neto E, Perumal TM, Pratap A, Tediarjo A, Adams J, Bloem BR, Bot BM, Elson M, Goldman SM, Kellen MR, Kieburtz K, Klein A, Little MA, Schneider R, Suver C, Tarolli C, Tanner CM, Trister AD, Wilbanks J, Dorsey ER, Mangravite LM. Remote smartphone monitoring of Parkinson's disease and individual response to therapy. 2021. PMID: 34373643


  14. Carricarte Naranjo C, Marras C, Visanji NP, Cornforth DJ, Sanchez-Rodriguez L, Schüle B, Goldman SM, Estévez M, Stein PK, Lang AE, Jelinek HF, Machado A. Short-term deceleration capacity of heart rate: a sensitive marker of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. 2021. PMID: 34251546


  15. Tanner CM, Cummings SR, Schwarzschild MA, Brown EG, Dorsey ER, Espay AJ, Galifianakis NB, Goldman SM, Litvan I, Luthra N, McFarland NR, Mitchell KT, Standaert DG, Bauer DC, Greenspan SL, Beck JC, Lyles KW. The TOPAZ study: a home-based trial of zoledronic acid to prevent fractures in neurodegenerative parkinsonism. NPJ Parkinson's disease 2021. PMID: 33649343


  16. Karabayir I, Goldman SM, Pappu S, Akbilgic O. Gradient boosting for Parkinson's disease diagnosis from voice recordings. 2020. PMID: 32933493


  17. Karabayir I, Goldman SM, Pappu S, Akbilgic O. Gradient boosting for Parkinson’s disease diagnosis from voice recordings 2020. PMID:


  18. San Luciano M, Tanner CM, Meng C, Marras C, Goldman SM, Lang AE, Tolosa E, Schüle B, Langston JW, Brice A, Corvol JC, Goldwurm S, Klein C, Brockman S, Berg D, Brockmann K, Ferreira JJ, Tazir M, Mellick GD, Sue CM, Hasegawa K, Tan EK, Bressman S, Saunders-Pullman R, Michael J. Fox Foundation LRRK2 Cohort Consortium. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Use and LRRK2 Parkinson's Disease Penetrance. 2020. PMID: 32662532


  19. Akbilgic O, Kamaleswaran R, Mohammed A, Ross GW, Masaki K, Petrovitch H, Tanner CM, Davis RL, Goldman SM. Electrocardiographic changes predate Parkinson's disease onset. 2020. PMID: 32647196


  20. Brown EG, Goldman SM. Traumatic brain injury and α-synuclein: Proceed with caution. 2020. PMID: 31992678


  21. Brown EG, Chahine LM, Goldman SM, Korell M, Mann E, Kinel DR, Arnedo V, Marek KL, Tanner CM. The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People with Parkinson's Disease. 2020. PMID: 32925107


  22. LaHue SC, Albers K, Goldman S, Lo RY, Gu Z, Leimpeter A, Fross R, Comyns K, Marras C, de Kleijn A, Smit R, Katz M, Ozelius LJ, Bressman S, Saunders-Pullman R, Comella C, Klingman J, Nelson LM, Van Den Eeden SK, Tanner CM. Cervical dystonia incidence and diagnostic delay in a multiethnic population. 2019. PMID: 31774238


  23. Carricarte Naranjo C, Marras C, Visanji NP, Cornforth DJ, Sanchez-Rodriguez L, Schüle B, Goldman SM, Estévez M, Stein PK, Lang AE, Jelinek HF, Machado A. Increased markers of cardiac vagal activity in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2-associated Parkinson's disease. 2019. PMID: 31444591


  24. Gatz M, Plassman BL, Tanner CM, Goldman SM, Swan GE, Chanti-Ketterl M, Walters EE, Butler DA. The NAS-NRC Twin Registry and Duke Twins Study of Memory in Aging: An Update. 2019. PMID: 31354124


  25. Goldman SM, Tanner CM. Rotenone and Parkinson's Disease: Reduced Sensitivity in Females. 2019. PMID: 31161209


  26. Goldman SM, Marek K, Ottman R, Meng C, Comyns K, Chan P, Ma J, Marras C, Langston JW, Ross GW, Tanner CM. Concordance for Parkinson's disease in twins: A 20-year update. 2019. PMID: 30786044


  27. Leng Y, Goldman SM, Cawthon PM, Stone KL, Ancoli-Israel S, Yaffe K. Excessive daytime sleepiness, objective napping and 11-year risk of Parkinson's disease in older men. International journal of epidemiology 2018. PMID: 29873737


  28. Brown EG, Goldman SM, Tanner CM. Mendel and urate: Acid test or random noise? 2018. PMID: 30100365


  29. Ethan G. Brown, Caroline M. Tanner, Samuel M. Goldman. The Microbiome in Neurodegenerative Disease. 2018. PMID:


  30. Samuel Goldman, Ahro Kim, Cheryl Meng, Kathleen Comyns, Helen Petrovitch, Caroline Tanner, Robert Abbott, G. Webster Ross. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) from a 10-second Electrocardiogram (ECG) in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Control (P1.037). Neurology 2018. PMID:


  31. Goldman SM, Musgrove RE, Jewell SA, Di Monte DA. Advances in Neurotoxicology. Aschner M & Costa LG, eds 2017. PMID:


  32. Ciesielska A, Samaranch L, San Sebastian W, Dickson DW, Goldman S, Forsayeth J, Bankiewicz KS. Depletion of AADC activity in caudate nucleus and putamen of Parkinson's disease patients; implications for ongoing AAV2-AADC gene therapy trial. 2017. PMID: 28166239


  33. Visanji NP, Bhudhikanok GS, Mestre TA, Ghate T, Udupa K, AlDakheel A, Connolly BS, Gasca-Salas C, Kern DS, Jain J, Slow EJ, Faust-Socher A, Kim S, Azhu Valappil R, Kausar F, Rogaeva E, William Langston J, Tanner CM, Schüle B, Lang AE, Goldman SM, Marras C. Heart rate variability in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2-associated Parkinson's disease. 2017. PMID: 28071824


  34. Samuel M. Goldman, Ruth E. Musgrove, Sarah A. Jewell, Donato A. Di Monte. Chapter Three Pesticides and Parkinson's Disease: Current Experimental and Epidemiological Evidence. 2017. PMID:


  35. Erica Byrd, Kathleen Albers, Samuel Goldman, Jeffrey Klingman, Raymond Lo, Connie Marras, Amethyst Leimpeter, Robin Fross, Kathleen Comyns, Zhuqin Gu, Maya Katz, Laurie Ozelius, Susan Bressman, Rachel Saunders-Pullman, Cynthia Comella, Lorene Nelson, Stephen Van Den Eeden, Caroline Tanner. Blepharospasm in a Multiethnic Population (P3.348). Neurology 2016. PMID:


  36. Samuel Goldman, Freya Kamel, Chen Meng, Monica Korell, Kathleen Comyns, David Umbach, Jane Hoppin, G. Ross, Connie Marras, Meike Kasten, Anabel Chade, Aaron Blair, Caroline Tanner. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Parkinson's Disease (PD): Effect Modification by Membrane Transporter Variants (S32.004). Neurology 2016. PMID:


  37. Sara LaHue, Kathleen Albers, Samuel Goldman, Jeffrey Klingman, Raymond Lo, Connie Marras, Amethyst Leimpeter, Robin Fross, Kathleen Comyns, Zhuqin Gu, Maya Katz, Laurie Ozelius, Susan Bressman, Rachel Saunders-Pullman, Cynthia Comella, Lorene Nelson, Stephen Van Den Eeden, Caroline Tanner. Cervical dystonia (CD) incidence and diagnostic delay in a multiethnic health maintenance organization. (S36.004). Neurology 2015. PMID:


  38. Gardner RC, Burke JF, Nettiksimmons J, Goldman S, Tanner CM, Yaffe K. Traumatic brain injury in later life increases risk for Parkinson disease. Annals of neurology 2015. PMID: 25726936


  39. Beecham GW, Dickson DW, Scott WK, Martin ER, Schellenberg G, Nuytemans K, Larson EB, Buxbaum JD, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM, Hurtig HI, Mash DC, Beach TG, Troncoso JC, Pletnikova O, Frosch MP, Ghetti B, Foroud TM, Honig LS, Marder K, Vonsattel JP, Goldman SM, Vinters HV, Ross OA, Wszolek ZK, Wang L, Dykxhoorn DM, Pericak-Vance MA, Montine TJ, Leverenz JB, Dawson TM, Vance JM. PARK10 is a major locus for sporadic neuropathologically confirmed Parkinson disease. 2015. PMID: 25663231


  40. Kalia LV, Lang AE, Hazrati LN, Fujioka S, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Ross OA, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ, Hurtig HI, Alcalay RN, Marder KS, Clark LN, Gaig C, Tolosa E, Ruiz-Martínez J, Marti-Masso JF, Ferrer I, López de Munain A, Goldman SM, Schüle B, Langston JW, Aasly JO, Giordana MT, Bonifati V, Puschmann A, Canesi M, Pezzoli G, Maues De Paula A, Hasegawa K, Duyckaerts C, Brice A, Stoessl AJ, Marras C. Clinical correlations with Lewy body pathology in LRRK2-related Parkinson disease. 2015. PMID: 25401511


  41. Furlong M, Tanner CM, Goldman SM, Bhudhikanok GS, Blair A, Chade A, Comyns K, Hoppin JA, Kasten M, Korell M, Langston JW, Marras C, Meng C, Richards M, Ross GW, Umbach DM, Sandler DP, Kamel F. Protective glove use and hygiene habits modify the associations of specific pesticides with Parkinson's disease. 2014. PMID: 25461423


  42. Melissa Furlong*, Caroline Tanner, Samuel Goldman, Grace Bhudhikanok, Aaron Blair, Anabel Chade, Kathleen Comyns, Monica Korell, Jane Hoppin, Meike Kasten, J William Langston, Connie Marras, Cheryl Meng, Marie Richards, G Webster Ross, David Umbach, Dale Sandler, Freya Kamel. Protective Glove Use and Workplace Hygiene Practices Modify Associations between Pesticides and Parkinson's Disease. 2014. PMID:


  43. Goldman SM, Whisnant-Cash S. Trichloroethylene: Toxicity and Health Risks 2014. PMID:


  44. Goldman SM, Kamel F, Ross GW, Jewell SA, Marras C, Hoppin JA, Umbach DM, Bhudhikanok GS, Meng C, Korell M, Comyns K, Hauser RA, Jankovic J, Factor SA, Bressman S, Lyons KE, Sandler DP, Langston JW, Tanner CM. Peptidoglycan recognition protein genes and risk of Parkinson's disease. 2014. PMID: 24838182


  45. Samuel Goldman, Birgitt Schuele, Grace Bhudhikanok, Stephanie Cash, Monica Korell, Yamah Amiri, Chen Meng, Kathleen Comyns, Dolores Guest, Linda Rees, Sam Kim, Farah Kausar, Sakunthala Sundarrajan, Emily Drabant Conley, Nicholas Eriksson, Grace Liang, Melanie Brandabur, James Tetrud, J Langston, Caroline Tanner. Heart Rate Variability in LRRK2 Parkinson’s Disease (S37.004). Neurology 2014. PMID:


  46. Samuel M. Goldman, Stephanie Whisnant Cash. Role of Trichloroethylene in Parkinson’s Disease. 2014. PMID:


  47. Kamel F, Goldman SM, Umbach DM, Chen H, Richardson G, Barber MR, Meng C, Marras C, Korell M, Kasten M, Hoppin JA, Comyns K, Chade A, Blair A, Bhudhikanok GS, Webster Ross G, William Langston J, Sandler DP, Tanner CM. Dietary fat intake, pesticide use, and Parkinson's disease. 2013. PMID: 24120951


  48. Goldman SM. Environmental toxins and Parkinson's disease. 2013. PMID: 24050700


  49. Samuel M. Goldman. Parkinson's Disease. 2013. PMID:


  50. Caroline Tanner, Kathleen Albers, Samuel Goldman, Jeffrey Klingman, Raymond Lo, Connie Marras, Amethyst Leimpeter, Robin Fross, Zhuqin Gu, Robin Smit, Annelie de Kleijn, Grace Bhudhikanok, Laurie Ozelius, Susan Bressman, Rachel Saunders-Pullman, Cynthia Comella, Lorene Nelson, Stephen Van Den Eeden. Incidence of Primary Torsion Dystonia in a Multiethnic Population (S53.001). Neurology 2013. PMID:


  51. Samuel Goldman, Sarah Jewell, Cheryl Meng, Web Ross, Anabel Chade, Meike Kasten, Grace Bhudhikanok, Kathleen Comyns, Monica Korell, J. Langston, Caroline Tanner. Parkinson's Disease Risk Is Associated with Variants in Genes That Bind Bacterial Cell-Wall Peptidoglycan (P05.051). Neurology 2013. PMID:


  52. Ronald Pfeiffer, Zbigniew Wszolek, Manuchair Ebadi, Samuel Goldman. Industrial and Occupational Exposures and Parkinson Disease. 2012. PMID:


  53. Goldman SM, Kamel F, Ross GW, Bhudhikanok GS, Hoppin JA, Korell M, Marras C, Meng C, Umbach DM, Kasten M, Chade AR, Comyns K, Richards MB, Sandler DP, Blair A, Langston JW, Tanner CM. Genetic modification of the association of paraquat and Parkinson's disease. 2012. PMID: 23045187


  54. Samuel M. Goldman, Patricia J. Quinlan, G. Webster Ross, Connie Marras, J. William Langston, Caroline M. Tanner. Reply. 2012. PMID:


  55. S. Goldman, F. Kamel, G. Bhudhikanok, M. Korell, C. Meng, K. Comyns, D. Umbach, J. Hoppin, W. Ross, C. Marras, M. Kasten, A. Chade, D. Sandler, A. Blair, J. Langston, C. Tanner. Paraquat Use Modifies the Association of Head Injury and Parkinson's Disease (PD) (S42.003). 2012. PMID:


  56. F. Kamel, G. Richardson, D. Umbach, M. Richards, G. Bhudhikanok, A. Blair, A. Chade, K. Comyns, S. Goldman, J. Hoppin, M. Kasten, M. Korell, C. Marras, C. Meng, G. Ross, J. Langston, D. Sandler, C. Tanner. Risk of Parkinson's Disease (PD) Associated with the Herbicide Paraquat Is Attenuated by High Dietary Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) (S42.004). 2012. PMID:


  57. C. Tanner, K. Albers, S. Goldman, R. Fross, A. Leimpeter, J. Klingman, S. Van Den Eeden. Seborrheic Dermatitis and Risk of Future Parkinson's Disease (PD) (S42.001). 2012. PMID:


  58. Goldman SM, Kamel F, Ross GW, Jewell SA, Bhudhikanok GS, Umbach D, Marras C, Hauser RA, Jankovic J, Factor SA, Bressman S, Lyons KE, Meng C, Korell M, Roucoux DF, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Langston JW, Tanner CM. Head injury, α-synuclein Rep1, and Parkinson's disease. 2012. PMID: 22275250


  59. Goldman SM, Quinlan PJ, Ross GW, Marras C, Meng C, Bhudhikanok GS, Comyns K, Korell M, Chade AR, Kasten M, Priestley B, Chou KL, Fernandez HH, Cambi F, Langston JW, Tanner CM. Solvent exposures and Parkinson disease risk in twins. 2011. PMID: 22083847


  60. Do CB, Tung JY, Dorfman E, Kiefer AK, Drabant EM, Francke U, Mountain JL, Goldman SM, Tanner CM, Langston JW, Wojcicki A, Eriksson N. Web-based genome-wide association study identifies two novel loci and a substantial genetic component for Parkinson's disease. 2011. PMID: 21738487


  61. Tanner CM, Kamel F, Ross GW, Hoppin JA, Goldman SM, Korell M, Marras C, Bhudhikanok GS, Kasten M, Chade AR, Comyns K, Richards MB, Meng C, Priestley B, Fernandez HH, Cambi F, Umbach DM, Blair A, Sandler DP, Langston JW. Rotenone, paraquat, and Parkinson's disease. 2011. PMID: 21269927


  62. Valappil RA, Black JE, Broderick MJ, Carrillo O, Frenette E, Sullivan SS, Goldman SM, Tanner CM, Langston JW. Exploring the electrocardiogram as a potential tool to screen for premotor Parkinson's disease. 2010. PMID: 20976736


  63. S. Goldman. O.006 Epidemiology of dystonia. 2009. PMID:


  64. Freya Kamel, Grace Bhudhikanok, Aaron Blair, Samuel Goldman, Jane Hoppin, Monica Korell, J William Langston, Marie Richards, G Webster Ross, Dale Sandler, David Umbach, Caroline Tanner. Pesticide Exposure and Parkinson's Disease (PD) in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). 2009. PMID:


  65. Bronstein J, Carvey P, Chen H, Cory-Slechta D, DiMonte D, Duda J, English P, Goldman S, Grate S, Hansen J, Hoppin J, Jewell S, Kamel F, Koroshetz W, Langston JW, Logroscino G, Nelson L, Ravina B, Rocca W, Ross GW, Schettler T, Schwarzschild M, Scott B, Seegal R, Singleton A, Steenland K, Tanner CM, Van Den Eeden S, Weisskopf M. Meeting report: consensus statement-Parkinson's disease and the environment: collaborative on health and the environment and Parkinson's Action Network (CHE PAN) conference 26-28 June 2007. 2008. PMID: 19165397


  66. Kamel F, Tanner C, Umbach D, Hoppin J, Alavanja M, Blair A, Comyns K, Goldman S, Korell M, Langston J, Ross G, Sandler D. Pesticide exposure and self-reported Parkinson's disease in the agricultural health study. 2006. PMID: 17116648


  67. Goldman SM, Tanner CM, Oakes D, Bhudhikanok GS, Gupta A, Langston JW. Head injury and Parkinson's disease risk in twins. 2006. PMID: 16718702


  68. Goldman SM, Tanner CM, Olanow CW, Watts RL, Field RD, Langston JW. Occupation and parkinsonism in three movement disorders clinics. 2005. PMID: 16162857


  69. Marras C, Goldman S, Smith A, Barney P, Aston D, Comyns K, Korell M, Langston JW, Ross GW, Tanner CM. Smell identification ability in twin pairs discordant for Parkinson's disease. 2005. PMID: 15719425


  70. Tanner CM, Goldman SM, Aston DA, Ottman R, Ellenberg J, Mayeux R, Langston JW. Smoking and Parkinson's disease in twins. 2002. PMID: 11865136


  71. Tanner CM, Goldman SM, Lyons KE, Aston DA, Tetrud JW, Welsh MD, Langston JW, Koller WC. Essential tremor in twins: an assessment of genetic vs environmental determinants of etiology. 2001. PMID: 11673577


  72. Tanner CM, Ottman R, Goldman SM, Ellenberg J, Chan P, Mayeux R, Langston JW. Parkinson disease in twins: an etiologic study. 1999. PMID: 9929087


  73. Tanner CM, Goldman SM. Epidemiology of Tourette syndrome. 1997. PMID: 9115469


  74. Tanner CM, Goldman SM. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. 1996. PMID: 8827174


  75. Tanner CM, Goldman SM. Epidemiology of movement disorders. 1994. PMID: 7952243