Publications

OBJECTIVE

To understand the relationship between age, frailty, and overactive bladder (OAB).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This is a prospective study of individuals age ≥65 years presenting to an academic urology practice between December 2015 and July 2016. All patients had a Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), a parsimonious measure of frailty, on intake, and were thereby categorized as fast (≤10 seconds), intermediate (11-14 seconds), and slow (≥15 seconds). The TUGT and other clinical data were abstracted from the electronic medical record using direct queries. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between frailty and the diagnosis of OAB, adjusting for age, gender, and race.

RESULTS

Our cohort included 201 individuals with and 1162 individuals without OAB. Individuals with OAB had slower TUGTs (13.7 ± 7.9 seconds) than their non-OAB counterparts (10.9 ± 5.2 seconds), P <.0001, with 32.3% and 11.0% of OAB and non-OAB individuals being categorized as slow, or frail. In multivariable analysis, slower TUGT was a significant predictor of OAB (adjusted odds ratio: 3.0; 95% confidence interval: 2.0-4.8). Age was not independently associated with this diagnosis (P values >.05 for each age group).

CONCLUSION

Patients with OAB are statistically significantly frailer than individuals seeking care for other non-oncologic urologic diagnoses. Frailty, when adjusted for age, race, and gender, is a statistically significant predictor of OAB. Furthermore, frailty should be considered when caring for older patients with OAB, and OAB should be assessed when caring for frail older patients.

FLT3 fusions are associated with myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia. We describe a patient presenting with clinicopathologic features of both chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified (CEL, NOS) and systemic mastocytosis (SM). The bone marrow demonstrated a myeloproliferative neoplasm with eosinophilia and aggregates of atypical mast cells. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a t(13;14)(q12;q32), which was subsequently molecularly characterized as a novel TRIP11-FLT3 rearrangement. A KIT D816V mutation was also identified. The patient rapidly transformed to T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma and expired shortly after diagnosis. This is the fifth FLT3 fusion gene described in the literature; the presence of both myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms implicates involvement of an early hematopoietic progenitor by rearranged FLT3. We suggest that leukemias and lymphomas with FLT3 fusion genes exhibit similar clinicopathologic features to, and should be included in, the WHO category of "Myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1, or with PCM1-JAK2."