Anthony Muiru, MD, MPH

ASST ADJ PROF-HCOMP

My desire to pursue a career in nephrology was catalyzed by the devastation from loss of lives due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) that I witnessed in rural Uganda and Kenya. Kidney replacement therapy is extremely scarce in this setting; those who require this life-sustaining therapy often succumb to their illness. During my clinical training in the U.S., I was further motivated to pursue a career in nephrology as I witnessed the disproportionate burden of end stage kidney disease among African Americans.

My research is focused on understanding the determinants of kidney disease among individuals living in rural East Africa and African Americans.

In addition, I am committed to creating a more diverse, inclusive and supportive community at UCSF.

Education
2020 - Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training, University of California
07/2018 - Nephrology, University of California
M.P.H, 05/2016 - , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
05/2016 - Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
M.D., 05/2012 - , Harvard Medical School
B.A., 05/2006 - Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California
Publications

  1. Anthony Muiru, James Ayieko, Jane Kabami, Mucunguzi Atukunda, Gordon Orori, Mona Abraham, Wendy Chan, Matthew Hickey, Edwin Charlebois, Moses Kamya, Maya Petersen, Diane Havlir, Michelle Estrella, Chi-yuan Hsu. WCN24-1590 APOL1 RISK VARIANTS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IN RURAL UGANDA AND KENYA: THE SEARCH-CKD STUDY. Kidney international reports 2024. PMID:


  2. Centor RM, Hsu CY, Muiru AN. Web Exclusive. Annals On Call - Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression. Annals of internal medicine 2023. PMID: 37844319


  3. Muiru AN, Hsu JY, Zhang X, Appel LJ, Chen J, Cohen DL, Drawz PE, Freedman BI, Go AS, He J, Horwitz EJ, Hsu RK, Lash JP, Liu KD, McCoy IE, Porter A, Rao P, Ricardo AC, Rincon-Choles H, Sondheimer J, Taliercio J, Unruh M, Hsu CY, and the CRIC Study Investigators*. Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease Progression After Acute Kidney Injury: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Annals of internal medicine 2023. PMID: 37429030


  4. Muiru AN, Madden E, Scherzer R, Horberg MA, Silverberg MJ, Klein MB, Mayor AM, Gill MJ, Napravnik S, Crane HM, Marconi VC, Koethe JR, Abraham AG, Althoff KN, Lucas GM, Moore RD, Shlipak MG, Estrella MM. Effect of adopting the new race-free 2021 CKD-EPI eGFR creatinine equation on racial differences in kidney disease progression among people with HIV; an observational study. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2022. PMID: 36069064


  5. Ikeme JC, Katz R, Muiru AN, Estrella MM, Scherzer R, Garimella PS, Hallan SI, Peralta CA, Ix JH, Shlipak MG. Clinical Risk Factors For Kidney Tubule Biomarker Abnormalities Among Hypertensive Adults With Reduced eGFR in the SPRINT Trial. American journal of hypertension 2022. PMID: 36094158


  6. Anthony N. Muiru, Jesse Y. Hsu, Xiaoming Zhang, Jonathan J. Taliercio, James H. Sondheimer, Ana C. Ricardo, Ian McCoy, Kathleen D. Liu, James P. Lash, Edward J. Horwitz, Jiang He, Alan S. Go, Barry I. Freedman, Paul E. Drawz, Jing Chen, Lawrence J. Appel, Chi-yuan Hsu. Association of Mild-to-Moderate AKI With Decline in eGFRcys vs. eGFRcr Among Individuals With CKD: The CRIC Study. Complement Activation 2022. PMID:


  7. Lentine KL, Muiru AN, Lindsay KK, Caliskan Y, Edwards JC, Memon AA, Mosman AK, Miyata KN, Vo TM, Freedman BI, Carriker A, Hsu CY, Philipneri MD. APOL1 Genetic Testing in Patients With Recent African Ancestry and Hypertension: A Pilot Study of Attitudes and Perceptions. Kidney Medicine 2022. PMID: 36573119


  8. McCoy IE, Hsu JY, Bonventre JV, Parikh CR, Go AS, Liu KD, Ricardo AC, Srivastava A, Cohen DL, He J, Chen J, Rao PS, Muiru AN, Hsu CY. Absence of long-term changes in urine biomarkers after AKI: findings from the CRIC study. BMC nephrology 2022. PMID: 36100915


  9. Lamprea-Montealegre JA, Madden E, Tummalapalli SL, Peralta C, Neilands TB, Garcia PK, Muiru A, Karliner L, Shlipak MG, Estrella MM. Association of Race and Ethnicity With Prescription of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP1 Receptor Agonists Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the Veterans Health Administration System. JAMA 2022. PMID: 36066519


  10. Chen DC, Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Bansal N, Potok OA, Rifkin DE, Ix JH, Muiru AN, Hsu CY, Estrella MM. Association of Intra-individual Differences in Estimated GFR by Creatinine Versus Cystatin C With Incident Heart Failure. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2022. PMID: 35817274


  11. Muiru AN, Yang J, Derebail VK, Liu KD, Feldman HI, Srivastava A, Bhat Z, Saraf SL, Chen TK, He J, Estrella MM, Go AS, Hsu CY, CRIC Study Investigators. Black and White Adults With CKD Hospitalized With Acute Kidney Injury: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. 2022. PMID: 35405207


  12. Lam NN, Muiru AN, Tietjen A, Hays RE, Xiao H, Garg AX, McNatt G, Howey R, Thomas CP, Sarabu N, Wooley C, Kasiske B, Lentine KL. Associations of Lack of Insurance and Other Sociodemographic Traits With Follow-up After Living Kidney Donation. 2022. PMID: 35301049


  13. Chen DC, Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Bauer SR, Potok OA, Rifkin DE, Ix JH, Muiru AN, Hsu CY, Estrella MM. Association of Intraindividual Difference in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate by Creatinine vs Cystatin C and End-stage Kidney Disease and Mortality. 2022. PMID: 35175342


  14. Muiru AN, Madden E, Chilingirian A, Rubinsky AD, Scherzer R, Moore R, Villalobos CPC, Monroy Trujillo JM, Parikh CR, Hsu CY, Shlipak MG, Estrella MM. The incidence of and risk factors for hospitalized acute kidney injury among people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment. 2021. PMID: 34897925


  15. Anthony N. Muiru, Jesse Y. Hsu, Kathleen D. Liu, Paul E. Drawz, Ana C. Ricardo, James P. Lash, Jonathan J. Taliercio, Edward J. Horwitz, James H. Sondheimer, Jing Chen, Jiang He, Lawrence J. Appel, Alan S. Go, Chi-yuan Hsu. Association of Mild-to-Moderate AKI with CKD Progression Among Individuals with CKD: The CRIC Study. Complement Activation 2021. PMID:


  16. Anthony N. Muiru, Rebecca Scherzer, Simon Ascher, Vasantha Jotwani, Derek Ng, Deborah Gustafson, Amanda B. Spence, Chirag R. Parikh, Anjali Sharma, Joachim H. Ix, Michelle M. Estrella, Michael Shlipak. Associations of CKD Risk Factors and Longitudinal Changes in Urine Biomarkers of Kidney Tubules Among Women Living with HIV. Complement Activation 2021. PMID:


  17. Krista L. Lentine, Anthony N. Muiru, Kathryn K. Lindsay, Amy Mosman, Yasar Caliskan, Barry I. Freedman, Amber Carriker, Chi-yuan Hsu, Kana N. Miyata, Thanh-Mai N. Vo, John C. Edwards, Marie D. Philipneri. Attitudes and Perceptions of APOL1 Genetic Testing in Black Patients with Hypertension: A Pilot Study. Complement Activation 2021. PMID:


  18. Anthony N. Muiru, Erin Madden, Michael Shlipak, Michelle M. Estrella. How Removing the Race Coefficient from eGFR Equations Impacts Racial Differences in CKD Progression Among People with HIV. Complement Activation 2021. PMID:


  19. Krista L. Lentine, Ngan Lam, Anthony N. Muiru, Andrea Tietjen, Huiling Xiao, Christie P. Thomas, Gwen E. Mcnatt, Amit X. Garg, Nagaraju Sarabu, Bertram L. Kasiske. Lack of Insurance Predicts with Follow-up Deficiencies After Living Kidney Donation. Complement Activation 2021. PMID:


  20. Anthony N. Muiru, Jane Kabami, Moses Kamya, Diane Havlir, Edwin Charlebois, Michelle M. Estrella, Chi-yuan Hsu. Microscopic Hematuria and Leukocyturia Are Highly Prevalent in East Africa and Associated with CKD. Complement Activation 2021. PMID:


  21. Chi-yuan Hsu, Wei Yang, Rishi V. Parikh, Amanda H. Anderson, Teresa K. Chen, Debbie L. Cohen, Jiang He, Madhumita J. Mohanty, James P. Lash, Katherine T. Mills, Anthony N. Muiru, Afshin Parsa, Milda R. Saunders, Tariq Shafi, Raymond R. Townsend, Sushrut S. Waikar, Jianqiao Wang, Myles Wolf, Thida C. Tan, Harold I. Feldman, Alan S. Go. Non-GFR Determinants of Serum Creatinine and Race in GFR Estimating Equations: Findings from the CRIC Study. Complement Activation 2021. PMID:


  22. Chi-yuan Hsu, Wei Yang, Rishi V. Parikh, Amanda H. Anderson, Teresa K. Chen, Debbie L. Cohen, Jiang He, Madhumita J. Mohanty, James P. Lash, Katherine T. Mills, Anthony N. Muiru, Afshin Parsa, Milda R. Saunders, Tariq Shafi, Raymond R. Townsend, Sushrut S. Waikar, Jianqiao Wang, Myles Wolf, Thida C. Tan, Harold I. Feldman, Alan S. Go. Race, Genetic Ancestry, and GFR Estimation: Findings from the CRIC Study. Complement Activation 2021. PMID:


  23. Anthony N. Muiru, Erin Madden, Rebecca Scherzer, Chirag R. Parikh, Chi-yuan Hsu, Michael Shlipak, Michelle M. Estrella. The Incidence and Risk Factors of AKI Among People with HIV on Antiretroviral Treatment. Complement Activation 2021. PMID:


  24. Hsu CY, Yang W, Parikh RV, Anderson AH, Chen TK, Cohen DL, He J, Mohanty MJ, Lash JP, Mills KT, Muiru AN, Parsa A, Saunders MR, Shafi T, Townsend RR, Waikar SS, Wang J, Wolf M, Tan TC, Feldman HI, Go AS, CRIC Study Investigators. Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Estimating Kidney Function in CKD. The New England journal of medicine 2021. PMID: 34554660


  25. Muiru AN, Scherzer R, Ascher SB, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Shigenaga J, Spaulding KA, Ng DK, Gustafson D, Spence AB, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Parikh CR, Ix JH, Estrella MM, Shlipak MG. Associations of CKD risk factors and longitudinal changes in urine biomarkers of kidney tubules among women living with HIV. BMC nephrology 2021. PMID: 34461840


  26. Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Muiru AN, Jotwani VK, Grunfeld C, Shigenaga J, Spaulding KA, Ng DK, Gustafson D, Spence AB, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Parikh CR, Ix JH, Shlipak MG. Kidney tubule health scores and their associations with incident CKD in women living with HIV. HIV medicine 2021. PMID: 33751761


  27. Anthony N. Muiru, Assurah W. Elly, Jane Kabami, Mucunguzi Atukunda, Wendy Chan, Jennifer Puck, Edwin Charlebois, Diane Havlir, Moses Kamya, Michelle M. Estrella, Chi-yuan Hsu. The Distribution of APOL1 Risk Variants and Their Association with CKD in Rural East Africa: The SEARCH-CKD Study. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2020. PMID:


  28. Muiru AN, Charlebois ED, Balzer LB, Kwarisiima D, Elly A, Black D, Okiror S, Kabami J, Atukunda M, Snyman K, Petersen M, Kamya M, Havlir D, Estrella MM, Hsu CY. The epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rural East Africa: A population-based study. PloS one 2020. PMID: 32130245


  29. Zhang WR, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Ascher SB, Muiru A, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Gustafson D, Kassaye S, Sharma A, Cohen M, Tien PC, Ng DK, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Ho K, Shlipak MG. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate initiation and changes in urinary biomarker concentrations among HIV-infected men and women. AIDS (London, England) 2019. PMID: 30830887


  30. Muiru AN, Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Zhang WR, Ascher SB, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Ng D, Palella FJ, Ho K, Kassaye S, Sharma A, Cohen M, Wang R, Qi Q, Estrella MM. Kidney disease risk factors associate with urine biomarkers concentrations in HIV-positive persons; a cross-sectional study. BMC nephrology 2019. PMID: 30606136


  31. Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Zhang WR, Muiru AN, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Gustafson D, Young M, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Ng DK, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Ho K, Shlipak MG. Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Kidney Injury with Estimated GFR Decline in HIV-Infected Individuals following Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Initiation. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 2018. PMID: 30154221


  32. Muiru AN, Bibangambah P, Hemphill L, Sentongo R, Kim JH, Triant VA, Bangsberg DR, Tsai AC, Martin JN, Haberer JE, Boum Y, Plutzky J, Hunt PW, Okello S, Siedner MJ. Distribution and performance of cardiovascular risk scores in a mixed population of HIV-infected and community-based HIV-uninfected individuals in Uganda. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2018. PMID: 29652762


  33. Okello S, Nasasira B, Muiru AN, Muyingo A. Validity and Reliability of a Self-Reported Measure of Antihypertensive Medication Adherence in Uganda. Volume 11 of Issue 7. PloS one 2016. PMID: 27367542


  34. Stanifer JW, Muiru A, Jafar TH, Patel UD. Chronic kidney disease in low- and middle-income countries. Volume 31 of Issue 6. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2016. PMID: 27217391


  35. Boyce RM, Muiru A, Reyes R, Ntaro M, Mulogo E, Matte M, Siedner MJ. Impact of rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis and treatment of malaria at a peripheral health facility in Western Uganda: an interrupted time series analysis. Volume 14. Malaria journal 2015. PMID: 25971788


  36. Bebell LM, Muiru AN. Antibiotic use and emerging resistance: how can resource-limited countries turn the tide? Volume 9 of Issue 3. Global heart 2014. PMID: 25667187


  37. Wu Y, Johnson KB, Roccaro G, Lopez J, Zheng H, Muiru A, Ufere N, Rajbhandari R, Kattan O, Chung RT. Poor adherence to AASLD guidelines for chronic hepatitis B Management and treatment in a large academic medical center. Volume 109 of Issue 6. The American journal of gastroenterology 2014. PMID: 24732869


  38. Muiru AN, Guthrie BL, Bosire R, Merkel M, Liu AY, Choi RY, Lohman-Payne B, Gatuguta A, Mackelprang RD, Kiarie JN, Farquhar C. Incident HSV-2 infections are common among HIV-1-discordant couples. Volume 208 of Issue 7. The Journal of infectious diseases 2013. PMID: 23840044


  39. Conley NJ, Pavlinac PB, Guthrie BL, Mackelprang RD, Muiru AN, Choi RY, Bosire R, Gatuguta A, Farquhar C. Distance from home to study clinic and risk of follow-up interruption in a cohort of HIV-1-discordant couples in Nairobi, Kenya. Volume 7 of Issue 8. PloS one 2012. PMID: 22937017


  40. . P1-S5.04 HSV-2 Prevalence and Incidence among Stable HIV-1 Discordant Couples in Nairobi, Kenya. 2011. PMID: